Upregulation of antioxidant enzyme expression or activity Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), convert reactive oxygen species (ROS) into harmless substances, thereby reducing cellular oxidative stress and mitigating radiotherapy-induced inflammation 28
Histopathological analysis of tissues from the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and heart revealed no abnormalities, and biochemical assessments showed no signs of hepatorenal toxicity (Zhou et al., 2025)
Researchers have found that free radicals can damage multiple cellular organelles and processes, disrupting normal physiology
As highlighted in our July 2024 blog, animal research suggests potential, but human safety and effectiveness remain unproven, raising significant legal and ethical concerns
PubMed, Li, Jiao-Jiao, et al