Curcumin is the active ingredient in turmeric
It inhibits PKM precursor splicing and upregulates PKM2 in the nucleus, while adsorbing miR-329-3p in the cytoplasm to regulate PDHB expression, mediating smooth muscle cell metabolic remodeling and vascular remodeling through a dual mechanism (Lu et al., 2022)
As such, DPP-4 inhibitors, which reduce the breakdown of native incretins, and GLP-1 receptor-agonists, which mimic native GLP-1, are classes of medications that take advantage of this pathway [95]
Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients and their loss of muscle mass perpetuate and worsen the appearance of HE
Lets take a look at GLP-1 side effects, if there really is a natural GLP-1 alternative, and the effects of these drugs on the brain