Two prepulse modalities were used in the PPI tests: a bandpass noise burst for acoustic PPI and a silent gap in an otherwise continuous carrier for gap-PPI
This microbial shift disrupts multiple gutbrain pathways simultaneously: these shifts coincided with gut barrier disruption (elevated serum endotoxin), triggering elevated hippocampal cytokines (IL-6, TNF-), which in turn suppress Tph2 expression and induce Tph2 hypermethylation (suggesting neuroinflammation and serotonergic suppression), ultimately manifesting as anxiety and depression-like behaviors (Buchenauer et al., 2023)
Supplementary information Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Figures 17 and Supplementary Tables 14 (PDF 598 kb) Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Veeravalli, K., Boyd, D., Iverson, B
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