Research has investigated the peptides influence on gene expression, tissue regeneration pathways, and inflammatory modulation in a variety of experimental models
It inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12), modulates the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype, and stimulates collagen production in models of pulmonary and cutaneous fibrosis
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The mechanism of action has been determined that KPV inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase inflammatory signaling pathways, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretionacts via PepT1 expressed in immune and intestinal epithelial cells..[and] reduces the incidence of DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis indicated by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (Dalmasso et al., 2008)
The side effects commonly reported with BPC-157 are listed below
