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There may be cases in which the CBE does not recommend for a measure to move forward to the rulemaking process and eventual implementation due to a measure not being endorsed by the CBE or other CBE, but we go forth with proposing a measure

Specifically, before applying this cost measure exclusion policy, we are proposing that CMS would empirically assess the affected cost measure to determine the extent to which the changes or errors impact the calculation of a cost measure score such that calculating the cost measure score would lead to misleading or inaccurate results that negatively impact the measure's ability to reliably assess performance

Another meta-analysis reported that smoking alone nearly doubled the risk of HCC [102]

Furthermore, the use of any form of tobacco is harmful

[33] Tobacco Advertising and Marketing: As the tobacco industry grew, so did advertising and marketing efforts