Here's what consumers need to know about different administration routes
Common measures include growth hormone (GH) levels, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, lean body mass, body composition, muscle fiber size and markers of muscle protein synthesis
4.4.5 Evolutionary and ecological implications, and integrated disease management The regulation and accumulation of GPXs in plants vary depending on the type of pathogen, influencing resistance or susceptibility
Limitations This review is limited by the structure of the existing literature
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1675552 Received 29 July 2025 Accepted 28 August 2025 Published 11 September 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Claudia Manca, University of Cagliari, Italy Reviewed by Basveshwar Gawali, Washington University in St