Mechanistically, scientific literature suggests BPC 157 may influence several repair pathways at once, including signaling involved in new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), nitric oxide-related pathways (important for blood flow and tissue signaling), and growth-factor activity that supports cell migration and remodeling during healing
The sprout extract of Tuscan black cabbage, a type of kale, was found to be protective against a high-fat diet in rats, restoring antioxidant and phase II enzyme levels and lowering serum lipids (total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids) (Melega et al., 2013)
As expected, based on the placebo-controlled studies, some DPP-4is were better while the others were weaker than acarbose considering their efficacies
If you want better exercise performance and circulation, consider propionyl forms
GLP-1 RAs and Peripheral Arterial Disease