J Comp Neurol 1999
Figure 3: PM 2.5 trends, by monitoring site in Aotearoa, 201623 Figure 4: Days above 24-hour 2021 World Health Organization air quality guideline for PM 2.5 , by monitoring site, 202023 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations continue to improve at most sites, but 60 percent of sites were above the 24hour WHO guideline between 2020 and 2023 Regional councils and unitary authorities, as well as the New Zealand Transport Agency | Waka Kotahi (NZTA), monitor NO 2 concentrations
Our research shows that misleading associations between vaping and smoking cessation routinely occur unless confounding characteristics are carefully accounted for. In addition to providing definitive evidence about a contentious question in tobacco research, the study's results have important implications for public health policy and practice surrounding e-cigarettes, particularly how they are marketed to adolescents, for whom e-cigarettes are often a gateway to nicotine dependence
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